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The Reception of Averroes in Early Scholasticism, 2023
By: Lydia Schumacher

Title	The Reception of Averroes in Early Scholasticism
Type	Book Section
Language	English
Date	2023
Published in	Human Nature in Early Franciscan Thought. Philosophical Background and Theological Significance
Pages	182-204
Categories	Psychology, De anima, Tradition and Reception
Author(s)	Lydia Schumacher
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

This chapter intervenes in a longstanding debate about the origins of a psychological schema that is found in both of John’s works on the soul as well as in the Summa Halensis. This is the distinction between the material intellect, which is connected to the body, on the one hand, and the agent and possible intellects, which are separable from the body, on the other. Some past scholars have traced this scheme to Averroes’ distinction between a corruptible and an incorruptible intellect, while others have pointed out that there is insufficient evidence of Averroes’ influence at this time to support that attribution. The chapter gathers evidence which suggests that the scheme is a Latin scholastic invention which draws primarily on Avicenna and Aristotle rather than Averroes.

DOI	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009201131.008

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Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes, 2022
By: Desiderio Parrilla

Title	Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes
Translation	Approach to the topic of the vision of darkness in De Anima II 7 from the comments of Averroes
Type	Article
Language	Spanish
Date	2022
Journal	Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia
Volume	63
Issue	152
Pages	515 – 534
Categories	Commentary, Aristotle, De anima, Psychology
Author(s)	Desiderio Parrilla
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

El problema de la “visión escotópica”, o visión bajo condiciones de oscuridad parcial o total, es uno de los tópicos más enigmáticos y menos estudiados de la psicología aristotélica. En el artículo exponemos la exégesis de Averroes acerca de este asunto. Señalamos una dificultad que surge en el Comentario mayor en torno a algunos términos utilizados para designar la oscuridad en el conjunto de la teoría. Proponemos como solución una interpretación moderada del asunto, acorde con el “principio de economía” y la exégesis tradicional de los comentaristas. The problem of “scotopic vision”, or vision under conditions of partial or total darkness, is one of the most enigmatic and least studied topics in Aristotelian psychology. In the article we present the exegesis of Averroes on this matter. We point out a dificulty that arises in the Great Commentary around some terms used to designate the obscurity in the whole of the theory. We propose as a solution a moderate interpretation of the matter, in accordance with the “principle of economy” and the traditional exegesis of the commentators.

DOI	https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2022n15212dp

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L’intellect - Compendium du livre De l’âme, 2022
By: Averroes, Jean-Baptiste Brenet (Ed.), David Wirmer (Ed.)

Title	L’intellect - Compendium du livre De l’âme
Type	Monograph
Language	undefined
Date	2022
Publication Place	Paris
Publisher	Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin
Series	Sic et Non
Categories	De anima, Psychology, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Commentary, Intellect
Author(s)	Averroes , Jean-Baptiste Brenet , David Wirmer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Le Compendium du livre De l’âme d’Aristote (Muḫtaṣar Kitāb al-nafs) compte parmi les premières œuvres d’exégète d’Averroès. On en traduit ici le chapitre sur l’intellect qui contient l’essentiel des questions sur lesquelles le Commentateur reviendra dans toute son œuvre. Ce qui l’occupe est d’établir si l’acte de l’intellect humain est permanent ou bien intermittent, et plus largement de savoir si notre puissance rationnelle est elle-même éternelle ou bien engendrée et corruptible. L’auteur montre que nos concepts sont en vérité ambivalents et que s’ils sont en partie soustraits au temps par leur sens, leur rapport aux images leur confère une forme de potentialité. C’est sur cette puissance que l’accent est mis : quelle est la nature de la capacité de penser? quel peut-être son substrat? qu’est-ce qui la meut, et jusqu’où? L’édition du texte par David Wirmer montre qu’il fut plusieurs fois révisé et son intérêt est double. Il montre à la fois quelle fut la doctrine du jeune Averroès, disciple de son prédécesseur andalou Ibn Bāğğa (Avempace), et comment le Cordouan inlassablement critique devait juger bon de la réviser. Averroès est connu dans l’histoire comme l’auteur du Grand Commentaire du traité De l’âme. C’est dans ce texte du Compendium qu’on voit s’en profiler la doctrine.

Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II), 2021
By: Marc Geoffroy

Title	Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II)
Type	Article
Language	French
Date	2021
Journal	Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume	68
Pages	135–232
Categories	Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima
Author(s)	Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Cette contribution constitue la deuxième partie de la publication, avec quelques mises à jour et aménagements, d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue sous le même intitulé à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, en décembre 2009 et dont la première partie a été publiée dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L’auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, déterminer les sources sur lesquelles s’est appuyé, entre les années cinquante et soixante du xiie siècle (première période de son travail philosophique), Averroès (Ibn Rušd, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa théorie de l’âme et de l’intellect, en référence aux sources péripatéticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir accès de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le « Commentateur » d’Aristote par excellence, il peut paraître étonnant qu’Averroès n’ait eu d’emblée accès qu’à des sources indirectes relatives à la théorie de l’âme du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l’auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l’âme exposée par Averroès est essentiellement structurée par l’enseignement d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et par son De anima. L’aristotélisme d’Averroès apparaît de ce point de vue comme un aristotélisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de manière décisive sur l’exégèse d’Averroès une fois qu’il se serait emparé de l’écrit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l’intellect en puissance et l’intellect agent).

Online Access

https://journals.usj.edu.lb/melanges/article/view/546

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Intellect d’amour, 2018
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet, Giorgio Agamben

Title	Intellect d’amour
Type	Monograph
Language	French
Date	2018
Publication Place	Lagrasse
Publisher	Verdier
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Jean-Baptiste Brenet , Giorgio Agamben
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Les deux textes en dialogue qui constituent la trame de ce livre sont une méditation sur le fantasme comme lieu et sujet de l'amour. Mêlant références et implications, ils proposent de confronter dans une perspective inédite deux personnages exceptionnels: Guido Cavalcanti, le "premier ami" de Dante et maître inégalé de la phénoménologie amoureuse, et Ibn Rushd, l'Averroès des Latins, le philosophe arabe qui aura le plus profondément marqué la pensée occidentale du XIIIe au XVIe siècle. Si pour ces deux auteurs la jonction avec l'intellect unique désigne la perfection suprême, c'est la fonction du fantasme qui, chaque fois, se révèle décisive. De quelle façon les pensées nous appartiennent-elles ? Comment une idée peut-elle devenir "mienne" ? C'est le fantasme - telle est la réponse du poète et du philosophe - qui, par le désir, fait l'intelligence propre au sujet. Mais jusqu'où ? Pour le poète, si le fantasme doit périr pour que la jonction amoureuse ait lieu, l'individu immodérément affecté ne survit que comme un automate ou comme la statue de lui-même ; pour le philosophe, qui défend l'abolition de l'image et son désir permanent, l'espèce humaine dans son ensemble advient comme sujet politique de la félicité.

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Averroès sauvé par Ockham? Unicité de l’intellect et théologie trinitaire, 2017
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet

Title	Averroès sauvé par Ockham? Unicité de l’intellect et théologie trinitaire
Type	Book Section
Language	French
Date	2017
Published in	Miroir de l'amitié: mélanges offerts à Joel Biard à l'occasion des ses 65 ans
Pages	193–212
Categories	Ockham, Theology, De anima, Psychology
Author(s)	Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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’Active Intellect’ in Avempace and Averroës: An Interpretative Issue, 2016
By: Daniel Bučan

Title	’Active Intellect’ in Avempace and Averroës: An Interpretative Issue
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2016
Journal	Synthesis Philosophica
Volume	62
Issue	2
Pages	345–358
Categories	Ibn Bāǧǧa, De anima, Psychology
Author(s)	Daniel Bučan
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averroës). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace’s and Averroës’ concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by “connecting” with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect’s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man’s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace’s and Averroës’ theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace’s notion of iṭṭiṣāl bi-’aql fa’āl is interpreted not as a kind of mystic “conjunction” or “union” with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man’s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averroës’ theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averroës says that “conjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent”, or that active intellect “conjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence”. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous – for different thinkers it was a different concept – only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas.

DOI	https://doi.org/10.21464/sp31208

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On a Possible Argument for Averroes’s Single Separate Intellect, 2016
By: Stephen R. Ogden

Title	On a Possible Argument for Averroes’s Single Separate Intellect
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2016
Journal	Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy
Volume	4
Pages	27–63
Categories	De anima, Psychology
Author(s)	Stephen R. Ogden
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi, 2015
By: Davoud Zandi

Title	A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2015
Journal	Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture
Volume	3
Issue	2
Pages	39-41
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Davoud Zandi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect is an important issue in the realm of epistemology in Islamic philosophy. The aim of the present study is to compare the views of Averroes and Al-Farabi in this regard. Reviewing their theories, this study shows that both the mentioned philosophers agree upon the fact that the Active Intellect exists apart from human soul and acts as a creator of forms, but as for the relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect, there is disagreement between Averroes and Al-Farabi. Averroes believes that in some aspects both of them are the same yet they are different in some other aspects, namely regarding their acts they are different because the active intellect acts as creator of forms while the material intellect is just receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect, whereas in Al-Farabi’s opinion, ontologically speaking; the material intellect and the active intellect are different in their existence. The material intellect in al-Farabi’s perspective is one of the stages of human intellect that is inherent in human soul, whereas the active intellect is an immaterial substance that exists apart from human soul.

DOI	10.15640/jisc.v3n2a5

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Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I), 2014
By: Marc Geoffroy

Title	Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I)
Type	Article
Language	French
Date	2014
Journal	Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume	66
Issue	2014-2015
Pages	181–302
Categories	Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima
Author(s)	Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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'Passio', 'transmutatio', 'receptio'. 'Averroès sur l'analogie de l'intellect et du sens dans le(s) commentaire(s) au De anima d'Aristote, 2006
By: Marc Geoffroy

Title	'Passio', 'transmutatio', 'receptio'. 'Averroès sur l'analogie de l'intellect et du sens dans le(s) commentaire(s) au De anima d'Aristote
Type	Book Section
Language	French
Date	2006
Published in	Écriture et réécriture des textes philosophiques médiévaux. Volume d'hommage offert à Colette Sirat
Pages	137–184
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi, 2015
By: Davoud Zandi

Title	A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2015
Journal	Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture
Volume	3
Issue	2
Pages	39-41
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Davoud Zandi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

DOI	10.15640/jisc.v3n2a5

Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes, 2022
By: Desiderio Parrilla

Title	Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes
Translation	Approach to the topic of the vision of darkness in De Anima II 7 from the comments of Averroes
Type	Article
Language	Spanish
Date	2022
Journal	Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia
Volume	63
Issue	152
Pages	515 – 534
Categories	Commentary, Aristotle, De anima, Psychology
Author(s)	Desiderio Parrilla
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

DOI	https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2022n15212dp

As it is, it is an Ax. Some Medieval Reflections on De anima II.1, 1997
By: Mary Sirridge

Title	As it is, it is an Ax. Some Medieval Reflections on De anima II.1
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	1997
Journal	Medieval Philosophy and Theology
Volume	6
Issue	1
Pages	1–24
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Mary Sirridge
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes on intellection and Conjunction, 1966
By: Alfred l. Ivry

Title	Averroes on intellection and Conjunction
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	1966
Journal	Journal of the American Oriental Society
Volume	86
Issue	2
Pages	76-85
Categories	De anima, Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Aristotle, Intellect
Author(s)	Alfred l. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Online Access	https://www.jstor.org/stable/596422
DOI	https://doi.org/10.2307/596422

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Averroes y Santo Tomás leen a Aristóteles (De Anima), 1999
By: Mariano Brasa Díez

Title	Averroes y Santo Tomás leen a Aristóteles (De Anima)
Type	Book Section
Language	Spanish
Date	1999
Published in	Averroes y los averroísmos. Actas del III Congreso nacional de filosofía medieval
Pages	183–191
Categories	Psychology, Aquinas, De anima
Author(s)	Mariano Brasa Díez
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes' Middle Commentary on the De Anima, 1990
By: Alfred L. Ivry

Title	Averroes' Middle Commentary on the De Anima
Type	Book Section
Language	English
Date	1990
Published in	Knowledge and the Sciences in Medieval Philosophy. Proceedings of the Eigth International Congress of Medieval Philosophy (S.I.E.P.M.). Helsinki 24–29 August 1987
Pages	79–86
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Alfred L. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes' Middle and Long Commentaries on the De Anima, 1995
By: Alfred L. Ivry

Title	Averroes' Middle and Long Commentaries on the De Anima
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	1995
Journal	Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume	5
Pages	75–92
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Alfred L. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

This article claims that Averroes wrote his Middle Commentary on the De anima after he composed both his Short and Long commentaries. A close comparison of the two texts proves that he had the Long commentary before him when composing the Middle. This has implications both for the development of Averroes' doctrine of the intellect, and for understanding Averroes' style of composing commentaries.

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Averroes' Short Commentary on Aristotle's De Anima, 1997
By: Alfred L. Ivry

Title	Averroes' Short Commentary on Aristotle's De Anima
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	1997
Journal	Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume	8
Pages	511–549
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Alfred L. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes' Three Commentaries on De anima, 1999
By: Alfred L. Ivry

Title	Averroes' Three Commentaries on De anima
Type	Book Section
Language	English
Date	1999
Published in	Averroes and the Aristotelian Tradition. Sources, Constitution and Reception of the Philosophy of Ibn Rushd (1126–1198). Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium Averroicum (Cologne, 1996)
Pages	199–216
Categories	Psychology, De anima
Author(s)	Alfred L. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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